Tuesday, 23 April 2013

3-6-2 Networks

LAN: Local Area Network:
  • works in a small geographical area (e.g. a college)
  • high speed, low error rate
  • self-installed Comms Media (you install the wires yourself)


WAN: Wide Area Network:
  • large geographical area (e.g. a bank)
  • pre-existing Comms media (wires are already installed)
  • lower speed, higher error rate


Internetworking: when two LANs are interconnected by WAN so they can communicate.

Topology: the map.

LAN Topology:
  • Bus network- connecting devices through a bus.
  • Star network- a central computer/server to which every work station is connected.


Network adapter: Network Interface Card (NIC)- plugs into the motherboard and connects a PC to the network.

Switched Ethernet:
  • an Ethernet LAN that uses switches to connect individual hosts or segments.


Segmentation- splitting a computer network into sub-layers, each being a network segment or network layer.
Advantages:
  • reduced congestion
  • improved security
  • containing network problems


Peer-to-Peer Networks:
  • up to 10 machines
  • no server
  • no security
  • all machines are equal
  • good for small networks with little growth


Server-based Networks:
  • over 10 machines
  • central server provides network admin
  • security and file storage
  • faster, but more expensive and complex than PtoP


Web 2.0:
  • software in Web 2.0 is no longer installed on the users machine, but accessed directly across the Internet.
  • no coped software installed
  • software is continuously updated


Web Service- applications located on web and accessed remotely.
SaaS- Service as a Software
Web Service Architecture- a new way of building software to make it flexible to change.
WiFi- wireless communication standard/protocol, aimed at Personal Home and business users.
Bluetooth- wireless communication standard/protocol, aimed at personal mobile devises.
Routers- receive, format and pass data onto another device in a network based on the destination IP.
IANA- Internet Assigned Numbers Authority- coordinates IP addresses globally.

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